Pregnant women

Members of racial and ethnic minorities often suffer more than whites from the health effects of smoking. Both tobacco dependence and desire to quit appear to be prevalent in all groups of smokers.

Smoking cessation treatments have been shown to be effective across different racial and ethnic minorities. However, counseling should be provided in a language easily understood by the smoker, and you should remain sensitive to individual differences and beliefs about health that may affect the patient's acceptance of the treatment.